This chapter serves as a review of a policy initiated about half a century ago. The policies of Putonghua propagation and the use of standardized characters are still maintained with renewed rigour. While the policies have in general been very successful, there are still students going through education, especially at the primary level, in their dialects among the poorer rural areas, particularly in the interior. With more access to education and population movements to big cities and perhaps more inter-dialectal marriages, Putonghua may emerge as the home language for more Han Chinese people, particularly in urban areas, in the years to come. As China becomes more international in its outlook, attention is being focused on the learning of English but this very openness will in turn attract foreigners to learn Chinese and enrich the pedagogical openness of Chinese language education in China.