This chapter call attention to the fluid, processual, and context-dependent nature of Jewish-Muslim relations. The author will focus on a number of historical and ethnographic episodes pertaining to the mutual perceptions of Jews and Muslims in South Asia to explore tropes of collaboration and conflict that are present in the accounts of both communities of the subcontinent and to reflect on the intricate and complex ways in which issues in local and global politics, such as Indian caste relations, the rhetoric of the “war on terror”, and the conflict in the Middle East, affect these relations