Dining, Shopping, Bombarding, and Touring
Dining, Shopping, Bombarding, and Touring
Foreigners in the Traditional City
Chapter 3, the relationship of foreigners to the Chinese city per se. Should nineteenth-century Westerners choose to wander outside the narrow confines of their residential enclaves, they would by and large have been confronted with an entirely Chinese, or more specifically largely Cantonese, and highly populated city to explore. Initially, the places they were allowed to frequent were very limited indeed, but with the treaties after the wars in the mid-nineteenth century, the gates of the Chinese city were essentially forced open. The removal of restrictions on foreign movements was one of several implicit motives for the Arrow War.
Keywords: Guangzhou, China, Architectural history, Culture, Social history, eighteenth century, Enclave, the Thirteen Factories era
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