The Introduction traces the important turns of missionary history in China since the nineteenth century and identifies the contribution of key women leaders, educators, women medical workers, bible women and missionary wives who were called to take up roles beyond the traditional domestic sphere. Set out to evangelize women and make better wives and mothers for Christian homes, women missionaries and the Chinese women converts took part in reforming and transforming Chinese society and gender hierarchy unexpectedly. More importantly, through responding actively to a noble calling to serve, women Christians, both the missionaries and Chinese converts, have contributed at the centre of the Christian mission to raise up successive generations of women leaders for modern China.